Social Media Essay - 647 Words

Social The popularity of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, and YouTube have taken over the world in many ways that nobody would ever guess. These sites lets users to make profiles automatically where they can communicate with friends, families, and strangers through pictures, blogs, music, links and many other ways. As social networking sites become more important to society, some people agrees that these online sites are causing society a great trouble, especially the teens (our generation). Many sites cause harassment, bully, violation of someone’s privacy etc†¦ Social media can change a person life but these days it’s affecting negatively, especially teens. Social sites can ruin a person’s life by violating†¦show more content†¦Social networking sites encourage people to be more public about their personal lives, because personal details of our lives can be posted so easily, so we feel safe putting out there but its really not safe like its mentioned in the quote â€Å"Neither privacy nor publicity is dead, but technology will continue to make a mess of both.† – Danah Boyd. It can be bad for our college record. Whats more interesting is that the things we post remain available forever. Some people might post a photo of friends doing party and it may seem harmless, the image can be less attractive in the situation of an employer doing a background check. While most sites allow their users to control who sees the things theyve posted, Usually I look for the sites that are safe to use and the ones I cant trust but I sometimes I am forced to use it. Sometimes we don’t know it well or it doesn’t as it supposed to be. Social media sites is a big tools in our society and we use it almost every in our life. We don’t really see how harmful it can be because we just try to have fun and communicate with friends. Some people take advantage of it by doing what they aren’t supposed to be doing. It’s pretty common that social media sites are the main cause of cyber bullying. Hopefully we will understand social media site and use it wisely instead of overShow MoreRelatedEssay On Social Media971 Words   |  4 PagesIn the World, today social media controls everything. Social media includes blogs, social games, chat apps, and photo sharing apps. â€Å"around 60 percent of the population has at least one social account† (Gordon). The generation of millennials have more than one social media account and are always on their phones checking those sites multiple times a day. 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Above all, media platforms seem to have a large impact on how communities as well as theRead MoreEssay On Social Media1286 Words   |  6 PagesShrestha Sangam Shrestha GOVT 2305 Prof. 1 Sherry Sharifian 10/29/2017 Social Media and the USA Presidency Social media is defined as a form electronic communication through which people use to share information, messages, ideas, views, videos. Close Panel Suspected Entry: 70% match Uploaded - government hw2.docx Sherry Sharifian 10/29/2017 Social Media and the USA Presidency Social media is defined as a form electronic communication through which people use to share information, messages, ideasRead MoreEssay On Social Media803 Words   |  4 Pages6 Must-Use Social Media Plugins for WordPress Having a blog is the first step to online success. However, you need to push your WordPress site further with social media. Since WordPress has so many great plugins to use, we’ve made it easier for you to pick the best social media plugins. These will take your social media integration to the next level and help grow your website and blog. 1. Sassy Social Share Sassy Social Share is a great social media plugin because it’s easy to use and there are

The Impact Of Business On Government Decision Making

In today’s volatile day and age, with all the innovation and technological advances occurring, which are radically changing the common practices, and therefore in order to be successful, a government has to work in tandem with other important institutions of the society. Be it business, education, or the growing influences of globalization. In this paper I discuss the impact that business has on government decision-making. Decision-making is the process of selecting one course of action from several alternative actions Since we are aware how government is massively subjected to the influence of business and trade of a country. After all it is among the fundamental methods of generating funds, employment, revenue and income. Similarly a Government’s economy is immensely dependent upon the foreign investments that the businesses and projects within a country acquire. Hence, as I would see it, the mutually dependent relationship between the two is highly influenced by businesses and do play a significant role in political decision-making. Moreover Interest groups assume a vital part in the political methodology. Interest groups or lobby or pressure groups do however try to shape government policy and endeavor to apply pressure to politicians, policy makers, and other political players. An interest group is made to push and secure general or particular interests. They constitute an imperative component of a democratic society. Some interest groups are however moreShow MoreRelatedClimate Change And Carbon Reduction1744 Words   |  7 Pagesfor tobacco rising is less than 1%, its impact on global deforestation is 2–4%, making a visible footprint for climate change. 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U.S. Constitution 2.3 Statutory law 1.4 Judicial Precedent 3.0 Impacts of the Law On Business 4.0 Ways that the law could be improved. 5.0 Conclusion 1.0 INTRODUCTION In reality the law covers an enormous range of situations and the legal system has a variety of courts and methods for dealing with different types of cases. 1.1 Meaning of Law There

Bruce Lee’s Passion in Martial Arts and Entertainment free essay sample

Bruce Lee is a man who acted upon his destiny and was very famous for all his achievements in America and China. His determination as an actor and martial artist made him a legend throughout the world even though he died from cerebral brain swelling at the age of 32. He is considered to be the â€Å"Greatest Martial Artist of the 20th Century† because his philosophies and insightful teachings have influenced many, including myself. Since Lee was a man who made his dreams a reality he began his film career when he was six years old, brought the art of martial arts and film to America, and he also created his own style of martial arts called Jeet Kune Do. Bruce lee His first screen appearance was at three months old in his fathers movie (Roensch 15-18). This was the beginning, leading to over twenty motion picture roles and steadily increasing popularity among Hong Kong audiences (The Bruce Lee Story 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Bruce Lee’s Passion in Martial Arts and Entertainment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of the movies he had made were Enter the Dragon, Fists of Fury and The Return of the Dragon. Even though Bruce Lee died so young, he still had the acting experience because he started acting when he was young. What is Jeet Kune Do? Simply put, its English translation is way of the intercepting fist. Bruce studies all types of fighting from American Boxing to Thai Kickboxing. His simple philosophy was rather than block a punch and hit back with two distinct motions, why not intercept and hit in one, fluid stroke. Fluidity was the ideal. Try and obtain a nicely-tied package of water, Bruce would taunt. Just like water, we must keep moving on, Inosanto reitterates. For once water stops, it becomes stagnant. Water, Bruce would always give as an example, is the toughtest thing on Earth. It is virtually indestructable; it is soft, yet it can tear rocks apart. Move like water. Bruce dissected rigid classical disciplines and rebuilt them with fluid, po-mo improvements. Its good but it needs restructuring, he would say. Classical techniques did not take into account the reality of street fighting. Jeet Kune Do did. It was pragmatic, reality-based, empirical- not a bunch of stances, postures and mumbo jumbo handed down from antiquity. Second, he brought the art of martial arts and film to America. The martial arts that he brought influenced many people in the U. S (Roensch 7). He also influenced many other Asians to act these days such as Jet Li and Jackie Chan (Roensch 9). When Bruce Lee auditioned for upcoming movies, he was turned down and was rejected because he was too oriental (The Bruce Lee Story 2 3). Even though he was rejected in American movies, he was still able to make movies in Hong Kong. His goal was to make five movies in Hong Kong but he ended up making four and a half movies because he died during the fifth movie (The Bruce Lee Story 2 3). The movie that he didnt finish was called Game of Death. Bruce Lee practiced the nunchaku with Mr. Dan Inosanto and this also made him famous. The nunchaku is made up of two short wooden or metal rods that are connected by a short chain. Mr. Dan Inosanto was one of Bruce Lees closest friends that taught him the art of the nunchaku (The Bruce Lee Story 2 1-2). Before he made the movies in Hong Kong, he made a series of shows in America called The Green Hornet starring Van Williams and Bruce Lee (The Bruce Lee Story 2 1). Despite popularity, he wanted to be known as an actor rather than a superstar. Bruce Lee had many famous quotes in various movies and interviews. One of them was ? The word ? superstar really turns me off, and Ill tell you why because the word ? star, is an illusion, it is something-what the public calls you. You should look upon [yourself] as an actor. I mean you would be very pleased if somebody said, ? Hey man, youre a super actor! It is much better than ? superstar' (Little 132).

Summerise the Expected Stages of Childrens Behaviour Essay Example

Summerise the Expected Stages of Childrens Behaviour Paper 5. 1. Summarise the expected stages of children’s behaviour. Children need guidance and personal example from the adults around them to help them learn what is acceptable and what behaviour isn’t acceptable. Behaviour is greatly influenced by primary socialisation and children will react and take in how close family members act. Bandura developed the modelling idea where children would copy the adults around them. â€Å"There is much evidence that a child who witnesses or experiences violence at home may develop aggressive tendencies. There are a number of different types of behaviour these include assertive, aggressive, submissive and manipulative behaviour. When a child is showing signs of manipulative behaviour they tend to blame others for their actions rather than taking responsibility. Children who act in this way may have underlying issues affecting them, they could be lacking in self confidence and have a low self esteem, this may also come across in the child as being withdrawn or down in themselves and possibly in others. If a child has self esteem issues then there may be a problem in the child’s life that affects this. Self esteem and self worth are all about liking who we are. Children need to feel like they belong. This applies both at home and to social situations. If a child is not accepted or feels that they are not accepted then it can have a negative impact on both their emotional security and on their behaviour. † Submissive behaviour is similar to manipulative in regards to self relief and self worth. They are likely to just agree with everybody else and never input there opinions or values as they feel others are better than they are. When a child shows signs of aggressive behaviour it could be bravado a false perception of the child and the only way the child feels they can cope is by acting defensive and by having an aggressive attitude. â€Å"The development of aggression was seen by Bandura as being a result of social learning. His experiment with children watching a film of adults hitting dolls was fascinating as the children copied it and saw that as acceptable behaviour. † There is also another theory about aggression and this is the biological theory. This states that humans need their own space or territory and that if that space is threatened they will react with aggression. Frustration is also seen to produce aggression, observe a small child who cannot do something he or she wants to – the result may be a tantrum or an outbreak of aggression. † The act of aggression can also be started in a child through boredom, the activity or game may not be challenging enough and this may cause the child to act this way to seek attention. â€Å"A theory known as the frustration-aggression hypothesis combines the instinctive nature of aggressive with learning theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Summerise the Expected Stages of Childrens Behaviour specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summerise the Expected Stages of Childrens Behaviour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summerise the Expected Stages of Childrens Behaviour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was put forward by Dollard et al in 1939, although was later revised. The basis is that, although there is an inborn aggressive instinct, it tends to be triggered when people are feeling frustrated. This linking of frustration with aggression may explain why some children have dolls or objects onto which they heap their anger. † 5. 2. Analyse strategies to encourage appropriate behaviour. There are many ways to encourage appropriate behaviour. Children learn from the adults around them they watch, copy and take in each action and how adults respond to situations. Ways to encourage a child to behave properly can be by giving rewards and praise for being good. Forms of rewards can be from sweets to toys or even helping out in future activities. Giving sweets isn’t as rewarding as it may seem as this affects children’s behaviour as many children become hyperactive and also they may expect this reward every time but if these are given the behaviour may change for the worse. A better reward would be fruit and a sticker showing the child that they have been good and that they could receive these each time. Empowerment is also an effective strategy to encourage a child’s behaviour, children need to be encouraged from an early age to help them deal with issues they may face, but adults also need to support and protect the child. If a child has a feeling of control in them and their lives then there confidence and self esteem will be lifted and this will help their behaviour. If a child is given the chance to make their own decisions they will feel important and in charge helping how they act. Play should empower children, affirm and support their right to make choices, discover their own solutions, to play and develop at their own pace and in their own way. † Children can behave badly due to many different reasons; one most common cause of bad behaviour is separation and changes in a child’s normal routine as joining a nursery is usually the first time a child is separated from its parents. Parents are usually able to stay with their child for a little while to help s ettle the child in. The key worker system is useful as this will help the child feel safe and secure with that person. â€Å"It is often helpful if the same member of staff welcomes the child each day, particularly in their first few weeks of attendance. This helps build security and gives both the child and their parent a focal point where they can say goodbye with limited distress. † Another strategy for managing behaviour is the ABC strategy, which is based on social learning theory. When a child finds it difficult coping with new challenges and becomes distressed its best to deal with this with consistent responses. Showing a child attention whilst behaving positively helps them as they will stop associating gaining attention with behaving badly. This is positive reinforcement and needs to be done regularly as if a child’s behaviour is challenged occasionally then â€Å"this can be described as negative reinforcement, as the actions of the adult do not give a consistent message to the child that the behaviour is unwanted. The result is likely to be a more frequent display of the unwanted behaviour. † 5. 3. Summarise procedures to inform and document inappropriate behaviour. When children behave differently to other children and act aggressively and non cooperative its best to talk to the child’s parents and to work together as this is vital. From parents you can find out how the child acts at home and the response that the child gives to his parents when punished. If a child behaves so badly that both parents and carer can’t manage the situation then professional advice may be needed to establish if there are underlying issues that are affecting the child and the behaviour could be the only way that feelings and emotions can come out. When dealing with a misbehaving child its best not to shout at the child but to just speak with a strong raised voice to show the behaviour is wrong. Any form of inappropriate behaviour is important to be documented and also the forms of discipline, such as time outs, should be reported to parents verbally and also in writing. Behaviour policies are a good way to make sure everyone works to the same guidelines and can help staff to refer back and decide what actions to take. Policies are also useful as it would be made available to each parent from the start of childcare so they are aware of what boundaries the staff goes by and that are in place. â€Å"A clear behaviour policy may help a team to develop and maintain a positive approach to children and such a policy is part of communication in partnership with parents. † 5. 4. Analyse the implications where behaviour can be attributed to specific special needs. Behaviour can show other problems in children. These problems may be ncontrollable for the child as parents or carers may not have noticed that the child has further problems. Some children are unable to concentrate and work well with others and their behaviour can show this difficulty. Children who show continuous signs of behaviour problems may have a condition that causes the child to be unable to concentrate and learn. These conditions are ADD and ADHD. â€Å"Children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) find it hard to focus on an ac tivity and see it through, even a game they choose and enjoy. They are easily distracted but, because the children may simply go quiet or wander off, they can be missed in a busy nursery. † This condition could show how a child behaves differently and struggles to communicate with people and other children. â€Å"You will not miss those children who have Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They not only move continuously from one activity to another, they also demand adult attention with loud behaviour and may disrupt other children’s games. There non-stop activity can also stretch into the night and their parents are exhausted. When children show either of these signs of difficulties parents and even carers may need extra help from professionals who deal with these situations daily and can give help and advice on how to control the child or work with the child to keep behaviour reduced. There are also other signs of behavioural problems that can be related to special needs. â€Å"Children with an autistic spect rum disorder can appear inattentive and behave like a much younger child in that they are highly focused on a narrow range of interests and very hard to redirect. Other experiences affect a child’s behaviour. Divorce can potentially affect a child’s behaviour it all depends on the adults around them and their ability to explain, or not explain the situation and the child will also recognise how their life has changed when the divorce is finalised and when one of the child’s parents no longer lives in the same home. The child in this situation mainly needs reassurance that their life won’t be affected too much and that they will still be safe and in a stable environment. Due to a situation like divorce it can influence the way a child behaves as they may feel frustrated with what is happening and this may be seen through unwanted behaviour. â€Å"Early experiences affect children in ways that can be seen through their development but also in the way they behave. Sometimes you will find that persistent worries or fears weigh on a child and do not lift despite sympathetic communication. † Domestic violence can affect a child’s behaviour greatly even if they are not receiving the abuse. If a child experiences domestic abuse then they become more likely to respond to situations with aggression. To a child the situation of watching, either their father abuse their mother or even the mother abuse their father, will seem normal whether its verbal abuse or physical attacks they will feel that when upset or frustrated that this is the way to act and that this behaviour is the appropriate solution to life as they have been taught no different. â€Å"The experience of domestic violence may mean that children themselves are more likely to deal with even minor upsets with an aggressive attack. Fighting back with words or fists will be what they have known, so it seems the obvious option. † - [ 1 ]. Children’s care, learning and development, Kath Bulman, Liz Savory, Heinemann, 2006, page 13 [ 2 ]. BTEC First Early Years, Sandy Green, Nelson Thornes, 2003, page 14-15 [ 3 ]. Children’s Care, Learning and Development, Kath Bulman, Liz Savory, Heinemann, 2006, page 13 [ 4 ]. Children’s Care, Learning and Development, Kath Bulman, Liz Savory, Heinemann, 2006, p age 13 [ 5 ]. Early Years: 2nd Edition, Penny Tassoni, Heinemann, 2006, page 406 [ 6 ]. Children’s Care, Learning and Development, Kath Bulman, Liz Savory, Heinemann, 2006, page 215 [ 7 ]. BTEC First Early Years, Sandy Green, Nelson Thornes, 2003, page 61 [ 8 ]. BTEC First Early Years, Sandy Green, Nelson Thornes, 2003, page 63 [ 9 ]. Child Care and Early Education, Jennie Lindon, Thomson, 2003, page 615 [ 10 ]. Child Care and Early Education, Jennie Lindon, Thomson, 2003, page 285 [ 11 ]. Child Care and Early Education, Jennie Lindon, Thomson, 2003, page 285 [ 12 ]. Child Care and Early Education, Jennie Lindon, Thomson, 2003, page 287 [ 13 ]. Child Care and Early Education, Jennie Lindon, Thomson, 2003, page 225 [ 14 ]. Child Care and Early Education, Jennie Lindon, Thomson, 2003, page 225

Divine Horsemen essays

Divine Horsemen essays After viewing Maya Derens film Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti, it is clear that Deren is depicting the beauty and power of the Haitian Voodoo ceremonies. We are able to experience this through narration explaining the different ceremonies, her focus on music of the ceremony, dance and her cinematography techniques giving you a better understanding of this practice. Any false perceptions that we have had about this mysterious religion in this traditional society she clearly clarifies. In American culture there are many false perceptions on the sociality of religion in other societies, the mere word conjures images of doll stuck with pins, evil zombies. This film completely shows that this way of life is exaggerated in Hollywood films. An example of a fiction film is The Serpent and the Rainbow. An anthropologist in the film goes to Haiti in search of a magic powder that will heal and make the dead walk. In his search he witnesses strange and bizarre incidents such as walking zombies, curses, live burial. Deren shows us the positive motivation behind the several ceremonies and the narration definitely helps understand that ceremonies are a way of communicating with the divine through several spirits or what they call Loa. In the film she shows a ceremony where a man dressed in white that is dancing to the drums being played by another man is surrounded by other persons who are singing. He then starts to gyrate as if he was having an epileptic seizure, swinging his hands and the camera continues to do a close-up on him to the point where you see how his eyes looked, as if something had hypnotized him or he was being controlled by a spirit. This was the ceremony for the Loa Legba. The narration explains that Legba is the god of the crossroads and is very important to the Haitians as he is given the ultimate respect that is displayed when the people all move back and give him space so that he can bring...

Individual Education Plans and Behavior Goals

Individual Education Plans and Behavior Goals Managing difficult behavior is one of the challenges that makes or breaks effective instruction. Early Intervention If a childs behavior impacts his or her ability to perform academically, it requires a Functional Behavioral Analysis (FBA) and modify behavior informally, before you go to the lengths of an FBA and BIP. Avoid accusing parents or whining about behavior: if you gain the cooperation of parents early on you can avoid another IEP team meeting. Behavior Goal Guidelines Once you have established that you will need an FBA and BIP, then its time to write IEP Goals for behaviors. Write your goals positively as much as possible. Name the replacement behavior. Instead of writing Zachary will not hit his neighbors write Zachary will keep hands and feet to himself.Avoid preachy, values freighted words, especially responsible and accountable. When discussing with the student why feel free to use these words, such as Lucy, Im so happy youre being responsible for your temper. You used your words instead!! But goals should read: Lucy will present a card cue when she needs a time out to cool off 80 percent of the day (interval objective.) There are basically two kinds of objectives as noted above: interval and frequency goals. Interval goals are measured across intervals, and frequency goals measure the number of occurrences of a preferred or replacement behavior during a time period.The goal of behavior goals should be to extinguish, or eliminate, undesirable behavior and replace it with appropriate, productive behavior. Focusing on the target behavior may reinforce it. Focusing on the replacement behavior should help to extinguish the behavior. Problem behavior is not usually the result of reflective, thoughtful choices. It is usually emotional and has been learned by being rewarded. That doesnt mean you shouldnt talk about it, talk about the replacement behavior and talk about the emotional content of good behavior. It just doesnt belong in an IEP.There is no such thing as an attitude goal. Lets face it, weve all known kids who were nasty, negative or unpleasant, but we need to remember that attitude follows behavior. Once you have success, you can build a positive relationship. You cant dictate right attitude. You can model it. Kinds of Behavioral Goal Goals for Disruptive Behavior:Disruptive behavior is generally out of seat behavior, calling out behavior, and attention seeking behavior. Generally, the function of this sort of behavior is attention, though children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) often do it because, well, thats who they are!ExamplesGoal for Out of Seat: During instruction (a Color Wheel Behavior Plan would be good for clarity, here,)Susan will remain in her seat 80 percent (4 of 5) of half hour intervals, two of three consecutive 2 1/2 hour probes.Calling Out: During instructional periods, Jonathon will raise his hand 4 of 5 (80%) of in-class participation occasions for three of four consecutive 45-minute probes.Attention Seeking Behavior: These goals can only be written when you have a good, operational description of the replacement behavior you want. Angela will throw herself on the floor to get her teachers attention. The replacement behavior is for Angela to use a pre-determined cue (a red cup on top o f the desk) to get the teachers attention. The goal would read: Angela will remain in her seat and cue the teacher for attention with a pre-agreed signal. Goals for Academic BehaviorAcademic behavior is behavior that supports academic progress, such as completing work, returning homework and meeting certain standards for neatness. Be sure behaviors support the childs progress, not your need for certain kinds of academic behaviors. Many of those things should be addressed under the rubric procedures.Completion of Assignments When given adapted math assignments of 10 or fewer problems, Rodney will finish 80% of assignments 2 out of 3 consecutive weeks.Homework: The behavior surrounding homework is composed of several component parts: recording assignments, doing the assignments at home, turning the assignment in. One adaptation for homework, especially for children with Aspergers syndrome would be to do 30 minutes of homework, ask the parents to time the work section and initial it. The behavior surrounding homework is really only important in supporting the purpose of the homework: to practice and review instruction.Assignment Book: Lou is will correctly record 80% of daily assignments for five daily classes (4 of 5) and get the assignment book signed by the teacher 3 of 4 consecutive weeks.Doing Homework: Melissa will complete 45 minutes of homework as recorded by parents, 3 of 4 nights a week, 2 of 3 consecutive weeks.Turning in Homework: Given daily homework assignments 4 of 5 nights a week, Gary will place completed work in a folder in the homework box on the ​teachers desk, 3 of 4 days (75%) for 3 of 4 consecutive weeks. Tantrumming: Tantrumming is often more than one behavior, and you need to decide at what point intervention will eliminate the tantrum. A functional analysis is vital: what functional purpose does the tantrum serve? To avoid work? To avoid certain tasks or situations? Maybe you just need to change how work demands are made and how choices are proffered to the child. To get preferred item? Because the child is overtired and needs to escape all demands? Knowing the function of the behavior and the childs preferences can avoid a lot of tantrums. Our imaginary student, Cloe, tends to tantrum when she overly tired. The replacement behavior is to ask for a break/rest, where the classroom aide will place Cloe on her side on a mat, with her head elevatedWhen Cloe is tired, she will present the teacher or classroom aide with the picture exchange card for a break, 4 of 5 episodes (4 requests for each tantrum) or 80% of occasions, 3 of 4 weeks.

Down's syndrome is strongly associated with coeliac disease Dissertation

Down's syndrome is strongly associated with coeliac disease - Dissertation Example The remaining fifty five respondents were each matched with control patients based on sex, age and residence. In addition, in the research, both positive IgG and IgA, anti-gliadin levels were got by endoscopial duodenal biopsy of the given patients and initial titres taken. Initially, only twenty one patients plus two from the control group showed raised levels of IgG and IgA antibodies. When tissue samples were obtained from 18 of the patients, it was found out that only two shoed characteristic lymphocytic infiltration that did not qualify for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. In addition, they also found two giardiasis, while eight of the rest were normal. Furthermore, in one of the obtained tissue, analysis was not done since it had not be obtained well. In the analysis, few differences were found to occur between the various subgroups in their hematological, anthropomorphic and biochemical findings. It was found out that the prevalence of coeliac disease in Down’s syndrom e patients was higher than in the controlled group. In the controlled group, coeliac disease occurrence was very little as compared to the population that had down’s syndrome. In another research conducted by Lenshin et. al. in 2004, while studying coeliac disease, discovered that Down’s syndrome patients were more likely to suffer from the condition and attributed it to their autoimmune state. Lorete et.al , on the other hand, was studying the relationship of celiac disease in adolescents and children and found a link too to those having Down’s syndrome.

Vent settings for the non-intensivist Thesis Proposal

Vent settings for the non-intensivist - Thesis Proposal Example Before using different modes and variables of a ventilator, the participant should assess the condition of the patient and their need too. To do so, student/resident needs to use the interpretation of Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis to calculate the pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide pressure in arterial blood. This interpretation is a crucial skill and is necessarily essential for critically ill patients. Thus, the information shows the patient’s ventilation control. Furthermore, arterial blood gas measurements and airway defiance and static concession of the respiratory system computation give bases to the subsequent ventilator changes. The rationale behind teaching students/resident about the ventilation setting is Oxygenation and pH and pressure and volume. The former tells about the supervising the oxygen level and pH of the patients in order to maintain the metabolic function and healthy tissues. As the pH is echo of a patient’s bicarbonate and carbon dioxide, it aids in regulation oxygen and carbon dioxide level. On the other hand, the latter aspect assists the patients in breathing without granting their respiratory muscles to shrivel or cardiac preload to dwindle

Money Today Essay Example for Free

Money Today Essay Money today seems to be the most important thing in peoples lives, examples of this are shown in Paper by Catherine Lim; which tells the story of Tay Soon and his wife, and their general obsession with owning their own dream house. Another story that helps to prove this point is The Winner by Barbara Kimenye which centers itself around an elderly gentleman named Pius who is forced to deal with the acquisition of a large sum of money. While the two stories contain characters, which hold different values they both hold a similar ironic ending, and both stories prove that money changes peoples lives. Although both stories help to prove that money indeed does change peoples lives; both Paper and The Winner do it through characters that hold completely different values. For example in Paper Tay Soon is obsessed with his money. Even after he had made enough to buy his dream house he refused to sell his stocks because he wanted more. Whereas in The Winner Pius doesnt really care when he is informed that the original amount he had won had to be split between 300 people. Tay Soon was also very vocal about the actions of his mother and how it appalled him when she refused to try the stock market. I was kind enough to offer to help her make money. But since shes so nasty and ungrateful, well leave her alone. Pg 77 This proves that Tay Soon is a take charge kind of guy. This is further proved by his actions, as he buys and sells all his stocks himself and waits in the brokers office for the latest stock tips. However Pius who similarly is discontent at first with Cousin Sarah passively says nothing to her about it and keeps his discontent to himself, showing that he doesnt really like to take charge of his situations. This is further proven by how easily he is influenced by his best friend Salongo, for instance when Pius is being interviewed by the radio reporter and Salongo keeps telling Pius to say nothing and sure enough Pius says nothing. This all shows that the  difference in character values does not affect the similarity in the theme. While the two stories may be separated by a difference in character values, they are similar in irony. Both stories posses similar ironic endings in which both endings turn out differently then foreseen by the main characters in both stories, thus changing their lives. In Paper Tay Soon expected to make millions playing the stock market and buy his dream house, however in the end he lost all his money, which led to his death; and to further the irony Tay Soon was buried in a model dream house made of paper, the very thing that caused his death. In The Winner the main irony came from the fact that at the beginning of the story Pius thought Cousin Sarah was annoying and wanted to get rid of her. Pius listened to her confident aplomb with growing horror, whilst Salongo frantically nudged him and whispered There what did I tell you? That womens a stickler. Pg 78 However in the end it was proved that Cousin Sarah was the only one who would stick by him when everyone found out there was no money then originally thought and Pius and Cousin Sarah end up getting married. So as you can see money does seem to be the only thing on peoples minds these days. For example look at the growing number of lawsuits and reality based game shows. They just show that people will do anything for a quick buck these days, further proving that money changes peoples lives.

Othello: Is its Enduring Universality Explainable Essay example -- Oth

Othello: Is its Enduring Universality Explainable?  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean drama Othello is recognized by literary critics, with few exceptions, as having a universal appeal. What are the reasons for this universality?    The universality of the play perhaps depends on the universal appeal of its main characters, for example Iago the antagonist. In the essay â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello† Robert B. Heilman explains the universality of the antagonist:    As the spiritual have-not, Iago is universal, that is, many things at once, and of many times at once. He is our contemporary, and the special instances of his temper and style – as distinct from the Iagoism to which all men are liable – will be clear to whoever is alert to Shakespeare’s abundant formulations. Seen in limited and stereotyped form, he is the villain of all melodrama. He is Elizabethan – as Envy or Machiavel. And to go further back still, we see in how many parts of Dante’s Inferno he might appear. He could be placed among the angry and violent. But his truer place is down among those who act in fraud and malice – the lowest category of sinner who on earth had least of spiritual substance and relied most on wit. (342)    To the modern audience the play’s biggest shortcoming may be the inability of the audience to relate to the protagonist. In the volume Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley explains why the modern audience has difficulty identifying with the protagonist in this play:    Othello’s need to kill Cassio and Desdemona belongs only to him; not only because we know it to be deluded, but because the nature and extent of the delusion is such that we cannot imagine ourselves becoming involved in it. We cannot ju... ... Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    -- -- --.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello.† Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. Rev. Ed. Rpt. from The Sewanee Review, LXIV, 1 (Winter 1956), 1-4, 8-10; and Arizona Quarterly (Spring 1956), pp.5-16.       Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.   

DNA Profiling and Ethics

DNA Profiling and Ethics Reflection Journal Vanshika Khemka 14th October 2012 â€Å"33 autorad off† On 10th September 1984, geneticist Alec Jeffrey’s wrote these three words in his red desk diary. This marked the completion of an experiment, which studied how inherited illnesses pass through families. The experiment failed entirely. (McKie, 2009) However, this led to the most profound discovery: the world’s first DNA fingerprint. Now, the smallest swab of blood or sweat can determine the identity of an individual.We will discuss this process of DNA profiling in this journal. After going into the in-depth analysis of DNA profiling, we will discuss its uses and the ethical and legal issues that swarm the subject. |What is DNA Profiling? | Formally, DNA profiling is the analysis of short, highly specific, tandem-repeated- or hypervariable- genomic sequences, minisatellites known as variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), to detect the degree of relatedness to ano ther sequence of oligonucleotides. Segan, 1992) It is a technique employed by  forensic scientists  to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective  DNA  profiles, which are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person's DNA makeup and can also be used as the person's identifier. |The Process | Deoxyribonucleic Acid (â€Å"DNA†) is a six-foot long molecule found in the nucleus of every cell in the body. With the exception of identical twins, each individual’s DNA is unique.Thus the first step in the profiling process is to obtain a sample of the individual’s DNA, which is usually done using a buccal swab (i. e. from the cheek). We could also use a sample of blood, semen or hair. This sample is then analyzed using different techniques; discussed below. |Techniques of DNA Profiling | |Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) |It is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. It refers to a difference bet ween samples of homologous DNA molecules that come from differing locations of restriction enzyme sites, and to a related laboratory technique by which these segments can be illustrated. In this process, the DNA is first chemically extracted from the sample. It is then fragmented using restriction enzymes. These enzymes act like scissors and cut the DNA where a specific sequence occurs.By gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments are placed in a gel through which an electric current is passed. Owing to the negative charge of the DNA, the fragments migrate toward the positively charged pole of the gel. The DNA is then denatured and Southern blotting transfers the DNA fragments to a nylon membrane. A buffer solution is pulled through the gel and membrane and absorbed in paper towels. Hybridization, brought about by radioactive probe, shows only those fragments of interest from the polymorphic area of the DNA.Autoradiography is carried out next where the blot is placed in contact with a p iece of x-ray film, where the radioactivity probe exposes the film and bands appear on the film where the probe has bound to the DNA. The results are then interpreted and in the case of a criminal investigation or civil case, it is matched against the suspect’s DNA profile, thus completing the process. (Hoeffel, 1990) This method is however very long-winded, cumbersome and the combination of all the above-mentioned steps could take about a month to complete.A large sample is required which makes it tougher. Hence other methods are adopted in recent times. |Polymerase Chain Reaction | With the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA profiling took huge strides forward in both discriminating power and the ability to recover information from very small (or degraded) starting samples. PCR greatly amplifies the amounts of a specific region of DNA.This process increases the number of copies of the allele, making enough DNA to allow the test to be performed on what may have originally been a DNA sample of insufficient molecular weight. Due to this technique the test can be conducted using a single hair strand. (Hoeffel, 1990) This process consists of a series of 20-40 repeated temperature changes, called cycles, with each cycle commonly consisting of 2-3 discrete temperature steps. The cycling is often preceded by a single temperature step (called  hold) at a high temperature (>90 °C), and followed by one hold at the end for final product extension or brief storage.The temperatures used and the length of time they are applied in each cycle depend on a variety of parameters. These include the enzyme used for DNA synthesis, the concentration of divalent ions and dNTPs in the reaction, and the melting temperature (Tm) of the primers. The rest of the process is similar to the RFLP method. The major breakthrough is the fact that now the smallest trace of evidence can be used for DNA profiling as opposed to the large samples needed in th e RFLP method. |Short Tandem Repeat Analysis |Also known as Microsatellites, short tandem repeats is used as an extension of the PCR Method. This method uses highly polymorphic regions that have short repeated sequences of DNA (the most common is 4 bases repeated, but there are other lengths in use, including 3 and 5 bases). (Hoeffel, 1990) Because unrelated people almost certainly have different numbers of repeat units, STRs can be used to discriminate between unrelated individuals. These STR  loci  (locations on a chromosome) are targeted with sequence-specific primers and amplified using  PCR.The DNA fragments that result are then separated and detected using  electrophoresis. |Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism | This is another technique that is much faster than RFLP and uses PCR. It not only has higher reproducibility, resolution, and sensitivity at the whole genome level compared to other techniques, but it also has the capability to amplify between 50 and 100 fra gments at one time. In addition, no prior sequence information is needed for amplification (Meudt & Clarke 2007).As a result, AFLP has become extremely beneficial in the study of bacteria, fungi, and plants, where much is still unknown about the genomic makeup of various organisms. |Applications of DNA Profiling | DNA profiling is extensively used for paternity testing and forensic analysis for criminal investigations. Parental testing is the use of genetic fingerprinting to determine whether two individuals have a biological parent–child relationship.Comparing the DNA sequence of an individual to that of another individual can show whether one of them was derived from the other. Specific sequences are usually looked at to see whether they were copied verbatim from one of the individual's genome to the other. (Berry, 1991) As for forensic analysis, laboratories compare the molecular weights of fragments of DNA from the suspect sample and crime sample and decide whether the t wo fragments could have come from the same individual. There are major benefits from this technology: the potential to make speedy and robust suspected offender identi? ations through automated profile comparisons in centralized criminal justice databases; the ability to con? dently eliminate innocent suspects from investigations; the increased likelihood of generating reliable and persuasive evidence for use in court; a reduction in the cost of many investigations; the likely deterrent effect of DNA databasing on potential criminal offenders; and a possible increase in public con? dence in policing and in the wider judicial process. (Berry, 1991) We will explore the ramifications of this extensive use in the next section. Is it ethical? | Now that we know the widespread use of DNA profiling, we see the power that it has and the influence it can have when it comes to people’s lives and the verdict issued in criminal cases. But is this power justified on an ethical front? Is i t ethical to give so much power into the hands of the people responsible for carrying out these tests? Indeed, the development and application of DNA pro? ling has been widely described as the â€Å"greatest breakthrough in forensic science since ? ngerprinting. † However, the spread of forensic DNA pro? ing and databasing has also prompted a wide range of concerns about problems that may arise from the storage of tissue samples (especially those taken from individuals without consent) and the proliferating uses of genetic information by the police. (Williams & Johnson, 2006) One could say that DNA profiling violates basic ethical values. Based on the values of liberty, our rights are technically reduced by police powers, which have the right to take and retain fingerprints and DNA profiles and samples without consent. The Forensic Use of Bioinformation: Ethical Issues, 2007) â€Å"So act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means†; these words of wisdom imparted by Kant, also suggest that DNA profiling and the freedom to use that as evidence without explicit permission of the individual concerned would be using them as a means to an end and not an end in themselves. Therefore it can be argued that using DNA profiling takes away autonomy. The Forensic Use of Bioinformation: Ethical Issues, 2007) Spatial privacy is â€Å"a state of non-access to the individual’s physical or psychological self†. This is invaded by the nonconsensual taking of biological samples and fingerprints, and, to a lesser extent, by unwanted surveillance of the individual. And as can be inferred by the very nature of DNA profiling, informational privacy and anonymity is infringed upon by using samples obtained from databases and tests. (The Forensic Use of Bioinformation: Ethical Issues, 2007)Additional issues arise if identifiable samples or profiles on a forensic d atabase are used for research outside the narrow context of identification and police investigations. Using DNA profiling for paternity testing and for determining one’s lineage can be very harmful as it violates the privacy of the people concerned. It could cause potential moral and mental harm to the parents and the children concerned as entire families can be uprooted as a result of this. Past criminal cases which used paternity testing also prove that relatives and families can be affected mentally as well as physically.People in witness protection programs as well as people on the police databases can be negatively affected if a previously unknown family link is reestablished without their knowledge and consent. (Haimes, 2006) The list of legal and ethical concerns is endless. The question the arises that which side wins? Benefits of DNA profiling, or the issues concerning DNA profiling? |Which side is stronger? | Having seen the costs and benefits of DNA profiling and i ts usage, the benefits are debatable on moral and ethical grounds.However, in my personal opinion, it does not have to be black and white; good or bad. There can be a grey area, a middle ground, where DNA profiling is neither entirely correct nor entirely wrong. There have been cases where DNA evidence has saved many innocent lives and incriminated people who had been causing immense harm to others. Thus, we should pass legislations, which aim at curbing violations and encouraging true and just practices. In the cases where the DNA of individuals is being used as evidence or if parental testing is being done, their should be informed consent by the individuals.They should be aware of the sensitive nature of the information and should be expressly asked for consent to have the data published or used as evidence. The National DNA Database set up in the UK is an example of the dangers and benefits DNA profiling can hold. Personally, a national DNA database in all countries would be a v ery risky venture as a lot of personal information would be at stake and inter country rivalries could result. We have established the power of DNA profiling and the power that people who have access to this information have. So I would like to end with a quote.One’s interpretation of this quote can determine where they stand on the matter. â€Å"It is time for you to gather some idea of what power means. The first thing you must realize is that power is collective. The individual has power in so far as he ceases to be an individual†¦ The second thing for you to realize is that power is power over human beings. Over the body- but, above all, over the mind. Power over matter- external reality, as you would call it- is not important. Already our control over matter is absolute. † – George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four Bibliography | Berry, D. A. (1991). Inferences Using DNA Profiling in Forensic Identification and Paternity Cases. Statistical Science , 6 (2), pp. 175-205. Haimes, E. (2006, June 1). Social and Ethical Issues in the Use of Familial Searching in Forensic Investigations: Insight from Family and Kinship Studies. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics , 263-276. Hoeffel, J. C. (1990, January). The Dar Side of DNA Profiling: Unreliable Scientific Evidence Meets the Criminal Defendant. Stanford Law Review , 42 (2), pp. 465-538.McKie, R. (2009, May 24). Eureka moment that led to the discovery of DNA fingerprinting. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from The Guardian: http://www. guardian. co. uk/science/2009/may/24/dna-fingerprinting-alec-jeffreys Segan, C. J. (1992, February 15). DNA Profiling. The Dictionary of Modern Medicine . The Forensic Use of Bioinformation: Ethical Issues. (2007, September). NuField Council on Bioethics . Williams, R. , & Johnson, P. (2006, June 1). Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Intrusiveness: Issues in the Developing Uses of DNA Pro? ling in Support of Criminal Investigations. Journal of Law, Medicine and Et hics , 234-247. Wikipedia

Superstition in Huckleberry Finn

Superstition If you step on a crack, you will break your mamma back, keep cats away from babies because they suck the breath of the child, and cross my heart and hope to die, cut my throat if I tell a lie are examples of some superstitions that people believe in. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, superstition is a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Jim and Huck use and believe in many superstitions. There are many examples from the book that show this in the characters. Most of the superstitions are ridiculous, but some actually make a little sense. In the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, one of the main themes he uses in this book is superstition and two main characters that have attitudes that are different and similar towards superstition is Huck and Jim. Huck at the beginning of the story wasn’t superstitious at all. He thought Jim was crazy for being superstition. Huck weakly believes in superstition but later in the story his views changes. Huck killed a rattlesnake and placed it on the foot of Jim blanket, Jim see the dead rattlesnake with his mater and told Huck that this was bad luck. Huck later says â€Å"I made up mmind I wouldn't ever take a-holt of a snake-skin again with my hands, now that I see what had come of it†(pg53); this mean that he do not really know all the superstitious things because he placed the dead rattlesnake at the foot of Jim’s blanket, just joking around, and he found out what happens as the effect of the joke. During this time Huck become a firm believer in superstition. Huck helps his friend Tom use superstition to help Jim escape by telling Jim’s keeper, Nat, who believes witches are haunting him, that the only cure is to bake a witch pie and give it to Jim. In the witch pie there were things that were going to help Jim escape. Next Jim views about superstition are different than Huck. Unlike Huck, he is a very superstitious man and used it for almost everything in life. He also does not joke around with superstition, unlike Huck. Jim uses superstition to fill the things he didn’t learn or understood in life. Jim uses superstition for a sign for all things that happen in nature. One example of this is, â€Å"Some young birds come along, flying a yard or two at a time and lighting. Jim said it was a sign that it was going to rain†(pg45). Jim looks at the birds and can tell that it is going to rain. Since there were no weather devices in the eighteen hundreds, signs like these were used to predict the weather. Jim view superstition by his faith by thinking the hairball is a magic spirit. Superstition kind of motivates him to escape to freedom because he found out that he was going to be sold for a high price because he believes if your chest is hairy you are worth a lot of money; which encourages him to escape his owner, Ms. Watson. Although Huck and Jim have different views on superstition, they also have views that are the same. They both do things that would stop the superstition from bringing bad luck. For example during the rattlesnake episode, Jim tells Huck to chop off the snake's head, then skin the body of the snake and put it around his wrist, so he would not be cursed. They become irrational when anything remotely superstitious happens to them. They also think when something bad happens to them it is the effect of the superstitious act that they did. In conclusion, in Mark Twain's novel, â€Å"The Adventures Huckleberry Finn†, he uses superstition to show many points. Mark Twain uses superstition to show contrast between an organized, Christian religion and believing in and superstitions and one's own beliefs. As Huckleberry Finn and Jim are hurled back and forth between these two different faiths, the reader gets a keen idea of the beliefs and lifestyles people followed living in this story. He uses it to serves foreshadow the plot at several key junctions. For example, spilling salt leads to Pa returning for Huck. Overall, superstition is used in â€Å"The Adventures Huckleberry Finn† as a way to share Mark Twain's own opinion on religion and refined living with his readers and help them to understand the good and bad of both ways of living.

“From Rosie to Lucy” by James West Davidson Essay Essays

â€Å"From Rosie to Lucy† by James West Davidson Essay Essays â€Å"From Rosie to Lucy† by James West Davidson Essay Paper â€Å"From Rosie to Lucy† by James West Davidson Essay Paper The chapter. From Rosie to Lucy. by James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle. is about how the feminine mystique changed drastically from the epoch of WWII to the epoch of the babe roar. The displacement was attributed to men’s influence on the adult females through manner tendencies. magazines. and Television shows. The chief intent of the chapter is to demo that the propaganda through Television and society affected persons. and more specifically the feminine mystique. In the first subdivision of the chapter the writers talk about how during World War II adult females made great paces toward going peers with work forces. They did this by traveling to work in mills. Womans in the work topographic point were non uncommon before the WWII epoch. but the existent adult females working in the mills changed. Before the WWII epoch bulk of the adult females working in the mills were immature. individual adult females. but so that shifted to older. married a dult females. Of the 6. 5 million adult females in the work force more than half of them were the older. married adult females during this clip period. And they were influenced to work in the mills non merely because of society force per unit areas. but because of the propaganda postings and ads about â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† who was a strong adult female who worked in the mills and other occupations. This gave adult females more civil rights than earlier. However. when the war ended and all the combat males came back many of the adult females were pushed out of the mills and back to their place lives. This besides meant that many of the rights and governments that they had gained were expunged. The female mystique changed from working hard in the mill to back up the work forces overseas to working hard in the place to back up the work forces at work. The following subdivision of the chapter is about these force per unit areas that influenced the adult females to travel into the work force. every bit good as to go forth the work force. The adult females started to lose their topographic point and started to desire to go more place mas because the propaganda like Television shows and magazines. which were made largely by work forces. pushed the adult females to it. The new feminine mystique said that adult females must remain at place and foster their kids or else the kid will turn out bad. The old feminine mystique. before the wars end was a adult female would hold â€Å"strength in her custodies. pride in her passenger car and aristocracy in the lift of her mentum. † This alteration was caused because the old Rosie figure changed.

History and Properties of M-Theory

History and Properties of M-Theory M-Theory is the name for a unified version of string theory, proposed in 1995 by the physicist Edward Witten. At the time of the proposal, there were 5 variations of string theory, but Witten put forth the idea that each was a manifestation of a single underlying theory. Witten and others identified several forms of duality between the theories which, together with certain assumptions about the nature of the universe, could allow for them to all be one single theory: M-Theory. One of the major components of M-Theory is that it required adding yet another dimension on top of the already-numerous extra dimensions of string theory so that the relationships between the theories could be worked out. The Second String Theory Revolution In the 1980s and early 1990s, string theory had reached something of a problem due to an abundance of riches. By applying supersymmetry to string theory, into the combined superstring theory, physicists (including Witten himself) had explored the possible structures of these theories, and the resulting work had shown 5 distinct versions of superstring theory. Research further showed that you could use certain forms of mathematical transformations, called S-duality and T-duality,  between the different versions of string theory. Physicists were at a loss   At a physics conference on string theory, held at the University of Southern California in spring of 1995, Edward Witten proposed his conjecture that these dualities be taken seriously. What if, he suggested, the physical meaning of these theories is that the different approaches to string theory were different ways of mathematically expressing the same underlying theory. Though he did not have the details of that underlying theory mapped out, he suggested the name for it, M-Theory. Part of the idea at the heart of string theory itself is that the four dimensions (3 space dimensions and one time dimension) of our observed universe can be explained by thinking of the universe as having 10 dimensions, but then compactifying 6 of those dimensions up into a sub-microscopic scale that is never observed. Indeed, Witten himself was one of the people who had developed this method back in the early 1980s! He now suggested doing the same thing, by assuming additional dimensions that would allow for the transformations between the different 10-dimensional string theory variants. The enthusiasm of research that sprung out of that meeting, and the attempt to derive the properties of M-Theory, inaugurated an era that some have called the second string theory revolution or second superstring revolution. Properties of M-Theory Though physicists have still not uncovered the secrets of M-Theory, they have identified several properties that the theory would have if Wittens conjecture turns out to be true: 11 dimensions of spacetime  (these extra dimensions should not be confused with the idea in physics of a multiverse of parallel universes)contains strings and branes (originally called membranes)methods of using compactification to explain how the extra dimensions reduce to the four spacetime dimensions we observedualities and identifications within the theory that allow it to reduce to special cases of the string theories known, and ultimately into the physics we observe in our universe What does the M Stand For? It is unclear what the M in M-Theory is meant to stand for, though it is likely that it originally stood for Membrane since these had just been discovered to be a key element of string theory. Witten himself has been enigmatic on the subject, stating that the meaning of the M can be selected for taste. Possibilities include Membrane, Master, Magic, Mystery, and so on. A group of physicists, led in large part by Leonard Susskind, have developed Matrix Theory, which they believe could eventually co-opt the M if it is ever shown to be true. Is M-Theory True? M-Theory, like the variants of string theory, has the problem that it is at present makes no real predictions that can be tested in an attempt to confirm or refute the theory. Many theoretical physicists continue to research this area, but when you have over two decades of research with no solid results, enthusiasm undoubtedly wanes a bit. There is no evidence, however, that strong argues that Wittens M-Theory conjecture is false, either. This may be a case where a failure to disprove the theory, such as by showing it to be internally contradictory or inconsistent in some way, is the best that physicists can hope for at the time being.

Creating quality manual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating quality manual - Essay Example Mcginn Knightsbridge's assurance to quality begins with using the most luxurious European fabric that resists wrinkles and stays in shape at all times. Every product reflects our strong passion for quality and commitment towards excellence. Our commitment to quality and value ensures that the products the customers purchase from Mcginn Kightbridge provide superior performance day-in and day-out. Most of the fabrics are imported, and all fabrics are tested carefully. Especially for the wool pant, Mcginn Kightbridge uses high-twist wool, known for its extra-long fibers spun into a silky finish for an excellent drape. Since Mcginn Kightbridge uses best fabric in the Mcginn Kightbridge use tested fabrics. The testing process is divided into three different sections, like abrasion resistance, strength for "durability" test, absorbency for "comfort" test, and resiliency and pilling resistance for "appearance" test. After these steps, we have testing such as Test method 111, Test method 192 and Test method 107 etc. At Mcginn Kightbridge every test and step that is required to ensure 10% customer satisfaction, is carried out. Mcginn Kightbridge uses computer management system for achieving higher proficiency. Mcginn Kightbridge use different dying systems depending on fabrics, and trims.

Leadership and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Leadership and management - Essay Example On the other hand, leadership focuses on the most important resource, which is people. Therefore, it remains as the process of not only developing but also communicating a vision for the future (Armstrong, 2012). The role of the leader is to design various responsibilities which engage an individual values and competence. Responsibilities are perceived to be motivating when they remain meaningful despite stretching them. Leaders use responsibilities to engage intrinsic motivations by for example creating something new, exercising individuals’ abilities, assisting others, and offering value to the clients (Armstrong, 2012). A good example to illustrate the difference between a leader and a manager is using the case of GE/Durham plant. The plant is responsible for assembling Boeing 777 engine. It has about 170 employees with just one manager. Consequently, within the plant, there are nine teams, each with one leader. The team decides among themselves who performs which work, they schedule training, overtime, and vacation. They also tackle productivity or lack of ethics among the team members. Hence, all of them are leaders. Even though, there are no direct incentives, what motivates the technicians is the desire for perfection and the pride of producing the best engines in the aviation industry. In this case, the work of the manager is to listen and inform the teams (Armstrong, 2012). From the example, it is evident that leadership is purely based on influence as well as shared meaning. It is also an informal role regarded as an achieved position. Part of every team member responsibility requires indepe ndent thinking and initiative. The responsibility of a leader is to decide on the direction of the team. Therefore, a leader is responsible for setting the ultimate objectives, goals, and aim for the team. The leaders will then not only inspire but also motivate the team so that they

Joseph G. Mccoy Historic Steches of the Cattle Trade of the West and Article

Joseph G. Mccoy Historic Steches of the Cattle Trade of the West and SouthWest 1874 - Article Example The author aptly refers to Red river and northern states, which endorses the fact that McCoy encourages the Texans to take the herds from Texas to Abilene, Kansas. 2. While taking the history of the document under-examination into account, it becomes evident that the author appears to be discussing the herds’ trade phenomenon as well as social circumstances during the years of civil war that had captured the USA during mid 1860s. In addition to this, the circumstances discussed in the document also ratify the situation of unrest and chaos in various states of America. Furthermore, McCoy has also cited the years 1866 and 1867 while creating the article. Nevertheless, the article was written in 1874, almost six to seven years after the incident had taken place. Making such a long delay while creating the article may arise some doubts regarding its validity. Somehow, the original date of the happening of the circumstances would certainly be few years before the document was produ ced. Consequently, the writer would surely be collecting the memories of the years between 1868 and 1870. So, the event discussed in the document would have taken place by 1868-70. 3. In the document under-study, McCoy has elucidated the problems faced by the cattle owners during and after the American Civil War era. These issues include the carrying of the cattle from one area to the remote regions of the vast country, dealing with the customers belonging to divergent states, bargaining problems while selling the cattle, deceit and frauds inflicted upon them by the swindlers, contagious diseases the cattle caught and price issues while entering into deals with the buyers. Moreover, McCoy has also described the physical dangers observed by the drovers including the life risks as well as of getting attacked or robbed during their long and dreary journey with the aim of selling the animals. Hence, the author has skillfully elaborated various challenges the longhorn dealers had to unde rgo during late 1860s. 4. The document under the title Historic Sketches of the Cattle Trade of the West and Southwest narrates in third person the developments and challenges related to the herds owners, entrepreneurs, traders, ranchers and dealers while carrying and shifting the cattle from one state to the others by applying different methods, manners and sources of communications according to their resources and financial positions. The author has cited the names of various cities and states related to the herd trade, which include Texas, Chicago, Illinois, Quincy, Hades, Leavenworth, Kansas and Abilene. The description of the chronicle of events in such in-depth details endorses the concept that either McCoy had directly been involved in the cattle trade as an entrepreneur, or had kept and owned the longhorn herds by himself. Furthermore, having well informed with regards to the prices, number and affairs of the cattle proves him as a full time cattle entrepreneur. 5. It is a f act beyond suspicion that writers, poets, philosophers and intellectuals serve as the brain of society, who by dint of their thoughtfulness, guide the other members of society by showing the right path and by pointing out the evils and problems prevailing within some particular area, region or community. The same is also applied to McCoy, who has also elucidated the challenges that used to arise on the way of

Chinese Exploitation And Discrimination In Canada History Essay

Chinese Exploitation And Discrimination In Canada History Essay European colonial period is characterized by the conquering of foreign land, the exploitation of resources and slaves, and the imposition of European culture. From European colonialism arose many atrocious acts such as the Triangular Slave Trade and the decimation of many indigenous populations. Ideologically, the concept of orientalism emerged from European colonialism where it became lens in which the West sees the people of the East as weak and inferior. European explorers sought to make sense of their travels by drawing from classical knowledge, religious sources, and mythology (Glyn, Meth and Willis 2009); it was a corrupt archive on the cultural identity of the colonized based on sweeping generalizations and stereotypes that crossed several cultural and national boundaries (ibid). The information isolated the colonized and separated them as the other from Europeans (ibid). The creation of a general inferior identity allowed colonial powers to legitimize their colonization and e xploitation of these people (ibid). Although Great Britain and other powerful countries in Europe actively colonized much of the modern Third World and created many obstacles for their future development, other non-colonizing countries do are not guilt-free. Loyal historical colonies like Canada have had a similarly exploitative relationship with Third World citizens, including its blatant discrimination against non-European settlers such as the Chinese. Contrary to the popular belief that Canada has always had a benevolent relationship with people of the Third World, Canada carried forth the orientalist view from European colonialism and used them to justify its discrimination against and exploitation of Chinese immigrants from 1880 to 1947. Under the pretense of orientalism, Canada exploited Chinese labour in building their national railway, created racism immigration policies to keep the Chinese out, and withheld fundamental rights on the grounds of ethnicity. Canada exploited Chinese immigrants as a solution to the labour shortage in building the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) from 1881 to 1885. Throughout the four years and even following it, Chinese suffering outweighed their benefits while Canada was able to complete its railroad on time for a considerably cheaper price. The completion of the CPR was extremely important to Canada because it was a physical means to unite the different regions of Canada together as a country (Baureiss 2007:15). Canada had a lot at stake in the CPR project where a delay in its construction could lead to British Columbias secession from the union of Canada (ibid). In order to meet the completion deadline, the CPR contractor, Andrew Onderdonk, was granted permission from the federal government to import Chinese labourers to compensate for the insufficient Canadian labour force (Wang 2006:11). The Chinese immigrants were allowed entry only for the purposes of building the railroad; Canada was not in favour o f having permanent Chinese settlements and primarily hired men who would presumably return home to their families upon completion (ibid). With the extra labour force of approximately 15 000 Chinese labourers working on the Western portion of the CPR, the railroad was completed on time (Yu 2009:16). Canada also benefit from the low wages that they paid the Chinese immigrants. In the construction of the CPR, white Canadian labourers were paid an average wage of $1.50 to $1.75 while the Chinese labourers were paid $1.00 with the mandate to purchase their provisions solely from the company store (Baureiss 2007:15). Although the two groups performed the same tasks, Canada justified the difference using the orientalist stereotype that the Chinese could survive on a lower wage than the white Canadian labourers (Whiteley, 1929: 342). The railway company saved money in paying cheaper wages and also earned profits in selling provisions to Chinese labourers (ibid). Orientalism created an unequal power relation between Canada and the Chinese immigrants where the Chinese served to benefit Canada. A tragic example is the 4 000 deaths of Chinese labourers working on the CPR as a result of poor working conditions, disease, landslides and accidental explosions (Toronto Star 1986:F.2) For those who survived, Canada did not make an attempt to include or integrate the Chinese into Canadian society because they were not truly welcome and were expected to leave anyway (Wang 2006:12). However, nearing completion of the CPR many Chinese labourers were dismissed early and found themselves with insufficient funds to finance their return fare back to China (ibid). Many descended into poverty as they lost employment with the railway company and others resorted to labouring in mines (ibid). The sole reason that the Chinese were allowed entry into Canada was to advance Canadas own interests in completing the railway in the most efficient and cost effective manner; in complete disregard for the well-being of the Chinese, they opened the gates for the destitute in China in order for Canada to exploit their cheap labour and then abandon them. Canada initially decided to import Chinese because orientalist beliefs dictated that the Chinese were stereotypically inferior in hard labour (Wang 2006:12); Canada would be able to exploit their inferiority and still use them to complete the railroad efficiently. Although this orientalist perception of the Chinese is inaccurate, the fact that Chinese immigrants were imported into a disadvantaged position forced them into the powerless stereotype as they were subject to Canadian interests. They were allowed entry into Canada in accordance to the amount of labour needed by Canada, and they worked at any offered in order to survive. In p urposefully pushing a number of Chinese immigrants into the orientalist stereotype, Canada was able to prove the orientalist knowledge as true and thus justify their exploitation of cheap Chinese labour. As exemplified in the CPR project, Canadas relationship with the Chinese people from the then developing country of China is in no way benevolent or good-willed; on the contrary Canada used and promoted orientalist perceptions of the Chinese in order to rationalize the exploitation of their labour. Canada subsequently discriminated against the Chinese systematically through a racially exclusive immigration policy. The orientalist stereotypes of the Chinese fuelled Canadas institutionally racist immigration policy as they primarily focused on defending against the sojourner image of transitory labourers, who had come [to Canada] to find a fortune and return with it to China (Baureiss 2007:22). Believing in this sojourner stereotype, Canadians felt threatened by the Chinese labourers competitive edge and feared for their job security (ibid). Moreover, in 1903 Prime Minister Wilfred Laurier publically supported the racist and orientalist ideals in his statement to the House of Commons where he said in my opinion there is not much room for the Chinaman in Canada (Winter 2008:122). In response to the wantlessness for the Chinese, Canada passed racially discriminatory regulations through the 1885 Act to Restrict and Regulate Chinese Immigration into Canada which necessitated a $50 pa yment for entry know as the head tax (ibid). However the head tax seemed to reinforce the sojourner stereotype as Chinese men arrived in Canada to work and often sent large sums of their salaries home to their families rather than spending it on the Canadian economy (Baureiss 2007:22). The orientalist stereotype fuelled further intolerance for the Chinese, even though it ignores the fact that the head tax was designed to discourage permanent Chinese settlements in Canada; it was presumably too expensive for a Chinese family to afford the head tax for all family members (ibid). In response to the growing intolerance for the Chinese, Canada took intensified measures to stop Chinese immigration, the head tax was raised to $100 in 1902 and then $500 in 1904 the equivalent of two years worth of wages for an average worker (Wang 2006:12). With the hike in price for the head tax, many men who immigrated ahead of their families lost hope of bringing their wives or children to Canada and fo r many years [the Chinese] community became a bachelor society (Plaitiel 1988:A8). As men working on a dollar a day could not afford to bring their families to Canada, Chinese immigration was significantly curtailed and the Canadian government profited $23 million generated by approximately 81 000 Chinese immigrants (Winter 2008:122), however Canadas intolerance was not satiated. In 1923 Canada replaced the head taxes with the Chinese Immigration Act that prohibited Chinese immigration altogether for a total of twenty-four years (Winter 2008:122). The act gave many Chinese workers the ultimatum of being separated from their family permanently or giving up their immigrant status to return home (Wang 2006:12). The immigration policies set forth by the Canadian government are not only racially discriminatory, but it spread the general orientalist view of unworthiness and undesirability in the Chinese ethnicity. The orientalist stereotypes of the Chinese initially caused Canadians to unwelcome the Chinese but the implementation of head taxes seemingly reinforced the stereotypes, without consideration towards the actual circumstances and created a completely intolerant society. The exclusion of the Chinese in Canada was justified by the orientalist stigma that the Chinese are an unwanted ethnicity in Canada, and thus legitimating any means to eliminate them; the h ead tax that created a financial burden on the Chinese, separated families between countries, and prevented a second generation of Chinese Canadians were valid. Moreover, the eventual total refusal of Chinese immigrants was substantiated based on the orientalist sojourner identity created for the Chinese immigrants dictated them as morally inferior and self-interested. Canadas creation of an orientalist lens in which to view the Chinese through blatantly racism immigration policies contradicts its perceived identity as being benevolent and accommodating to people of the Third World in development. In addition to barring the entry of Chinese immigrants, Canada systemically discriminated against Chinese immigrants already within Canada by legally withholding fundamental human rights. For example, the Chinese were excluded from political life and did not have the right to vote (Baureiss 2007:23). Although they were initially granted voting rights like immigrants of other ethnicities, the right to vote was disallowed to the Chinese in British Columbia in 1985 in provincial and municipal elections (ibid). Later, the federal government also refused to give the Chinese voting rights in federal elections (ibid). Prime Minister John A. Macdonald further justified disenfranchisement of the Chinese by stating that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the Chinese have no British instinct and their mind [is] not suited for democracy (Baureiss 2007:23). Macdonalds statement crystallized the fact that the Chinese are denied rights based on the knowledge about their race as communicated by orientalism; the Chinese are inferior because without British instinct, their intelligence is too elementary for democracy. The Chinese in Canada did not have access to equal opportunity and were further excluded from numerous jobs based on racial grounds. Initially, the exclusion from participating in politics led to disqualification from certain prestigious or powerful professions that included law, pharmacy and accounting (Baureiss 2007:27). Similar to the discriminatory immigration policy, the denial of equality rights to the Chinese stemmed from the oriental stereotype of the sojourner. Since the sojourner stereotype dictated that the Chinese immigrants would all leave after amassing their wealth, Canadians rationalized that it was unnecessary to grant them equal opportunity rights because they would return home and not remain in Canada permanently (Baureiss 2007:23). As a result, in 1878 British Columbia passed a resolution that prohibited Chinese immigrants from working in the provincial public sector (Baureiss 2007:26). Subsequently, the Chinese were also denied positions in many skilled occupatio ns such as boat-makers, mechanics and merchants (ibid). Disqualification became widespread in so many different professions because of restrictive legislation that the Chinese were marginalized to a very limited number of industries such as agriculture, retail and services trades and certain elements of lumbering and fishing low-paying professions that required very minimal education or training (ibid:27). In an effort to combat the greedy and self-interested sojourner, there were a limited number of tasks that the Chinese were eligible to perform within these designated industries. For example, the Chinese were only welcome as cheap farm labourers and could not buy or lease their own land by law (ibid). Being surrounded by these restrictions made the service industry the only major avenue available and the Chinese were generally marginalized to become laundrymen, grocers or homemakers (ibid). Through orientalist knowledge, the Chinese were perceived as weak and incompetent compared to white Canadians, validating their exclusion from franchise and from many more respectable professions. The acceptance and creation of an orientalist identity justified that any measures including those that violate the fundamental human rights the Chinese should be entitled to were justified so long as they cater towards protecting the employment opportunities of white Canadians. In essence, orientalism was a tool for Canada to rationalize the second-class treatment of the Chinese and the refusal of several inalienable human rights. The blatant institutional racism that Canada created under the pretense of orientalist knowledge not only shattered down its perceived kindness but it reveals the hostility that Canada showed to the Chinese. Canadas discrimination and exploitation of the Chinese people directly contradicts the belief that Canada is benevolent towards people of the Third World and Third World countries in general. Canada accepted and further enhanced the orientalist views of the Chinese to exploit their cheap labour in constructing the CPR. Subsequently once the Chinese were no longer useful, Canada justified discriminatory immigration policies to stop Chinese immigration with orientalist stereotypes. In regards to the Chinese immigrants in Canada, the government systemically withheld fundamental political and equality rights from them and justified the second-class treatment with orientalist knowledge of inferiority. Historically, Canada has evidently not been as benevolent towards people of the Third World as it portrays itself to be. Although conditions have significantly improved since the nineteenth century, Canada still has not lived up to the high standards of benevolence and generosity as immigrat ion policies remain exclusive in many other ways. Canadians may see themselves as peaceful and kind to the multicultural people of the Third World but whether it becomes the truth or not depends on what actions Canada decides to take. Canada can choose to make it a priority to root out orientalism or to simply lower the standards of Canadas role in helping and empowering people of the Third World.

Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth as Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle defined a tragic character is a man who â€Å"falls into misfortune through some flaw." (Grube, 5) Shakespeare's tragic hero is a man who falls from his position of honor and respect due to a flaw in character and ultimately arrives at a fatal end. (Nostbakken, 2) Macbeth is an epitome of a tragic hero. He had a good nature, but was driven by greed and a quest for power. Macbeth had been a military hero,   loved and praised by the people, but his blind ambition resulted in his destruction, and all his past greatness and happiness were lost. This essay will explore Macbeth’s path toward destruction and show how he became the epitome of a tragic hero.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth was obviously a patriot and the protector of the king at the beginning of the play. (Slethaug, 13) We imagine him to be a good warrior with extraordinary prowess and loyalty. He defeated the insurgent troops and was highly trusted. As Duncan said, "He is a gentleman on whom I built An absolute trust". (I.iv.14-15) Even the King had great love in this real hero.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But his was controlled under the supernatural force when he met the witches of prophecy, contributing to the degeneration of this character. When the witches foretold Macbeth that he was to be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glasmis and King hereafter, Macbeth's ambition to the kingship had been aroused. He said, " My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical ¡K"(I.iii.140) shows that he started imagining to get the throne by evil means for the fulfillment of the promised kingship.   The imperfect speakers of misleading prophecies brainwashed him, striving up his deep ambition and leading him to step closer to the edge of dismal abyss. And later they also g... ...ed himself, to put all his possessed greatness and happiness in ruin, and ended himself in ultimate hate and demise.      Works Cited Brooke, Nicholas, ed.   Macbeth. Oxford: The Oxford University Press. 1990. Brown, John Russell. Shakespeare Macbeth. Southampton: The Camelot Press. 1965.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Coursen, H.R.   Macbeth-A Guide to the Play. London: Greenwood Press.1997. Elloway, David. Macbeth By William Shakespeare (Macmillan master guides).     Macmillan Education Limited. 1985. Grube, G.M.A, ed. Aristotle "The Poetics", Poetry and Style. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merril. 1958. Nostbakken, Faith. Understanding Macbeth. USA: Greenwood Press. 1997. Slethaug, Gordon. "Lecture Notes" for ENGL1007. Hong Kong: The University of Chicago. November 2000. Wain, John. Shakespeare Macbeth. Hong Kong: The Macmillan Press Ltd. 1968.